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Cavernous malformations (CMs) should be differentiated from arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). While with an AVM, a high pressure artery can be seen directly "feeding" a low pressure vein, in a CM, no such "feeding" supply can be identified. As such, CMs are "angiographically occult" or cannot be seen via an arterial angiogram. While most CMs are not clinically apparent, occasionally they cause a seizure or bleed. Once a CM has bled, the risk of a second bleed into the brain goes up substantially. The first line therapy for CMs requiring treatment is microsurgery. Reports describing the use of Gamma Knife radiosurgery are conflicting both with regard to efficacy and toxicity. As such, Gamma Knife radiosurgery is not a standard treatment, but may be considered on a case-by-case basis. [Keywords: Cavernous Malformation, CM] |